Caste System in India: From Four Varnas to Thousands of Jatis & Today’s Reservation Politics
Caste System in India: From Four Varnas to Thousands of Jatis & Today’s Reservation Politics Home All Posts Caste System in India Caste System in India: From Four Varnas to Thousands of Jatis & Today’s Reservation Politics By Khem Raj 14 November 2025 Introduction When we talk about the caste system in India, most people immediately remember the famous four-fold Varna system mentioned in ancient texts – Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra. But if we look at real Indian society today, we do not see just four groups. We see thousands of Jatis (endogamous caste groups) – different in every region, language and profession. Scholars estimate that ...